Transición desde la educación superior al mercado de trabajo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59758/rcci.2026.4.e65Palabras clave:
Transición educación-empleo, Desajuste de habilidades, Competencias profesionales, Empleabilidad, Educación SuperiorResumen
El ensayo analizó críticamente la transición desde la educación superior hacia el mercado laboral, focalizando en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales como un factor explicativo de la empleabilidad. A partir de evidencia empírica reciente, se examinó el desajuste entre la formación académica y las habilidades demandadas por los sectores productivos, así como sus implicancias para la inserción laboral, el bienestar profesional y la productividad. Se revisaron marcos teóricos como el capital humano, la conservación de recursos y la empleabilidad percibida, integrándolos con el modelo de competencias de carrera (reflexivas, comunicativas y conductuales) que ha mostrado capacidad predictiva sobre el éxito profesional temprano. Asimismo, se analizaron estrategias institucionales orientadas a reducir brechas de habilidades, destacando el aprendizaje integrado al trabajo, las prácticas profesionales, la orientación laboral y la incorporación de microcredenciales. Desde una perspectiva sistémica, se sostuvo que la empleabilidad constituye una construcción social que exige una articulación intencionada entre instituciones de educación superior, sector productivo y políticas públicas, especialmente en el contexto latinoamericano caracterizado, entre otras cosas, por desigualdad e informalidad laboral.
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